ルニックアルファベット
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ᚠ16A0
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ᚡ16A1
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ᚢ16A2
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ᚣ16A3
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ᚤ16A4
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ᚥ16A5
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ᚦ16A6
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ᚧ16A7
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ᚨ16A8
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ᚩ16A9
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ᚪ16AA
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ᚫ16AB
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ᚬ16AC
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ᚭ16AD
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ᚮ16AE
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ᚯ16AF
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ᚰ16B0
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ᚱ16B1
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ᚲ16B2
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ᚳ16B3
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ᚴ16B4
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ᚵ16B5
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ᚶ16B6
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ᚷ16B7
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ᚸ16B8
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ᚹ16B9
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ᚺ16BA
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ᚻ16BB
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ᚼ16BC
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ᚽ16BD
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ᚾ16BE
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ᚿ16BF
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ᛀ16C0
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ᛁ16C1
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ᛂ16C2
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ᛃ16C3
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ᛄ16C4
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ᛅ16C5
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ᛆ16C6
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ᛇ16C7
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ᛈ16C8
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ᛉ16C9
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ᛊ16CA
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ᛋ16CB
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ᛌ16CC
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ᛍ16CD
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ᛎ16CE
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ᛏ16CF
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ᛐ16D0
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ᛑ16D1
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ᛒ16D2
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ᛓ16D3
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ᛔ16D4
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ᛕ16D5
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ᛖ16D6
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ᛗ16D7
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ᛘ16D8
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ᛙ16D9
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ᛚ16DA
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ᛛ16DB
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ᛜ16DC
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ᛝ16DD
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ᛞ16DE
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ᛟ16DF
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ᛠ16E0
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ᛡ16E1
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ᛢ16E2
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ᛣ16E3
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ᛤ16E4
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ᛥ16E5
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ᛦ16E6
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ᛧ16E7
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ᛨ16E8
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ᛩ16E9
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ᛪ16EA
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᛫16EB
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᛬16EC
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᛭16ED
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ᛮ16EE
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ᛯ16EF
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ᛰ16F0
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ᛱ16F1
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ᛲ16F2
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ᛳ16F3
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ᛴ16F4
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ᛵ16F5
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ᛶ16F6
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ᛷ16F7
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ᛸ16F8
説明
The runic alphabet is a set of characters (runes) used for writing by ancient Germans. It is a consonant-vowel script, where all vowels are explicitly written. The word 「rune」 derived from the root 「run,」 which means 「secret」. These symbols may have been given mystical features, which is no wonder, since the shape and appearance of runes looks very 「mysterious」 too.
The direction of writing is left to right, although there are inscriptions that follow a 「serpent」 pattern. It means that each line is written in an opposite order. Such way of writing is called boustrophedon. In such cases, the characters written from right to left are mirrored.
With the advent of Christianity, the runic alphabet was replaced by the Latin alphabet 0041–007A . It remained in use in Iceland and Greenland until the 10th to 13th centuries, and in the territories of present-day Denmark, Sweden, and Norway until the 12th century. It continued to exist until the 19th century in the Swedish province of Dalarna.
Today, approximately 5,000 runic inscriptions have been found. The oldest ones date back to the 1st century. The content of the inscriptions varies, including invocations to gods, praise of returning Vikings from expeditions, and most commonly, memorial inscriptions. There are several theories about the origin of runes. The most popular theory suggests that the runic alphabet derived from one of the northern variants of the Etruscan alphabet 10300–10323 . It may have also been influenced by the Ogham script 1680–169C .
The runic alphabet differs from others in its specific letter order. It is called the 「futhark,」 based on the first six letters.
Germanic runes spread not only among Germans, but among other peoples as well. For example, it became the basis for the Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet.
Runes have a distinctive angular shape, likely because they were carved on stone, metal, bone, or wood. The letters of the Old Turkic alphabet, which have a similar appearance, are also referred to as runes.
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D
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L
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P
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ア
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イ
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ウ
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エ
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オ
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カ
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キ
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ギ
-
ク
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グ
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コ
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ゴ
-
サ
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シ
-
ジ
-
ス
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ソ
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タ
-
チ
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テ
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デ
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ト
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ド
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ナ
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ハ
-
バ
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パ
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フ
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ブ
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ヘ
-
ベ
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ポ
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マ
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ミ
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メ
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モ
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ラ
-
リ
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ル
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ルニック
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ルーマニア語
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-
レ
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ロ
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ヴ
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中
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五
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仁
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古
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国
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太
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新
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日
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旧
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注
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白
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皇
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統
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英