Ukraynaca alfabesi

The modern Ukrainian alphabet as we know it today emerged in the late 19th century. It is based on the  Cyrillic 0410–0474 script.

It was created in 1860 by the writer and educator Panteleimon Kulish. He claimed that he invented a simplified spelling system to make literacy more accessible to ordinary people. Later, based on Kulish's work, the Ukrainian alphabet was developed under the orders of the Austro-Hungarian authorities. The letters “є” and “ї” were added to the initial version. In 1892, in Galicia, a phonetic spelling system (writing words as they sound) was introduced instead of an etymological one. Another change to the Ukrainian alphabet occurred in 1990 when the letter Ґ was added.