Miao
The Pollard script, also known as Pollard Miao (Chinese: 柏格理苗文 Bó Gélǐ Miao-wen) or Miao, is an abugida based on the Latin alphabet and invented by Methodist missionary Sam Pollard.
Pollard invented the script for use with A-Hmao, one of the several Miao languages. The script underwent a series of revisions until 1936, when there was published a translation of the New Testament, containing Pollard Miao.
The Legend
The introduction of Christian materials in the script that Pollard invented caused a great impact among the Miao. Part of the reason was that they had a legend about how their ancestors had possessed a script but lost it. According to the legend, the script would be brought back some day. When the script was introduced, many Miao came from far away to see and learn it.
Other influencers
Pollard credited the basic idea of the script to the Cree syllabics designed by James Evans in 1838–1841. “While working out the problem, we remembered the case of the syllabics used by a Methodist missionary among the Indians of North America, and resolved to do as he had done”. He also gave credit to a Chinese pastor, “Stephen Lee assisted me very ably in this matter, and at last we arrived at a system”.
Further changes
Changing politics in China led to the use of several competing scripts, most of which were romanizations. The Pollard script remains popular among Hmong in China, although Hmong outside China tend to use one of the alternative scripts. A revision of the script was completed in 1988, and the script remains in use.
As with most other abugidas, the Pollard letters represent consonants, whereas vowels are indicated by diacritics. Uniquely, however, the position of this diacritic is varied to represent tone. For example, in Western Hmong, placing the vowel diacritic above the consonant letter indicates that the syllable has a high tone, whereas placing it at the bottom right indicates a low tone.
Proprietà
Intervallo | 16F00–16F9F |
Personaggi | 160 |
Elenco dei Caratteri
-
Insetti consonantici
-
16F00𖼀
-
16F01𖼁
-
16F02𖼂
-
16F03𖼃
-
16F04𖼄
-
16F05𖼅
-
16F06𖼆
-
16F07𖼇
-
16F08𖼈
-
16F09𖼉
-
16F0A𖼊
-
16F0B𖼋
-
16F0C𖼌
-
16F0D𖼍
-
16F0E𖼎
-
16F0F𖼏
-
16F10𖼐
-
16F11𖼑
-
16F12𖼒
-
16F13𖼓
-
16F14𖼔
-
16F15𖼕
-
16F16𖼖
-
16F17𖼗
-
16F18𖼘
-
16F19𖼙
-
16F1A𖼚
-
16F1B𖼛
-
16F1C𖼜
-
16F1D𖼝
-
16F1E𖼞
-
16F1F𖼟
-
16F20𖼠
-
16F21𖼡
-
16F22𖼢
-
16F23𖼣
-
16F24𖼤
-
16F25𖼥
-
16F26𖼦
-
16F27𖼧
-
16F28𖼨
-
16F29𖼩
-
16F2A𖼪
-
16F2B𖼫
-
16F2C𖼬
-
16F2D𖼭
-
16F2E𖼮
-
16F2F𖼯
-
16F30𖼰
-
16F31𖼱
-
16F32𖼲
-
16F33𖼳
-
16F34𖼴
-
16F35𖼵
-
16F36𖼶
-
16F37𖼷
-
16F38𖼸
-
16F39𖼹
-
16F3A𖼺
-
16F3B𖼻
-
16F3C𖼼
-
16F3D𖼽
-
16F3E𖼾
-
16F3F𖼿
-
16F40𖽀
-
16F41𖽁
-
16F42𖽂
-
16F43𖽃
-
16F44𖽄
-
16F45𖽅
-
16F46𖽆
-
16F47𖽇
-
16F48𖽈
-
16F49𖽉
-
16F4A𖽊
-
16F4B
-
16F4C
-
16F4D
-
16F4E
-
modificatori
-
16F4F𖽏
-
16F50𖽐
-
16F51𖽑
-
16F52𖽒
-
16F53𖽓
-
Vocali e finali
-
16F54𖽔
-
16F55𖽕
-
16F56𖽖
-
16F57𖽗
-
16F58𖽘
-
16F59𖽙
-
16F5A𖽚
-
16F5B𖽛
-
16F5C𖽜
-
16F5D𖽝
-
16F5E𖽞
-
16F5F𖽟
-
16F60𖽠
-
16F61𖽡
-
16F62𖽢
-
16F63𖽣
-
16F64𖽤
-
16F65𖽥
-
16F66𖽦
-
16F67𖽧
-
16F68𖽨
-
16F69𖽩
-
16F6A𖽪
-
16F6B𖽫
-
16F6C𖽬
-
16F6D𖽭
-
16F6E𖽮
-
16F6F𖽯
-
16F70𖽰
-
16F71𖽱
-
16F72𖽲
-
16F73𖽳
-
16F74𖽴
-
16F75𖽵
-
16F76𖽶
-
16F77𖽷
-
16F78𖽸
-
16F79𖽹
-
16F7A𖽺
-
16F7B𖽻
-
16F7C𖽼
-
16F7D𖽽
-
16F7E𖽾
-
16F7F𖽿
-
16F80𖾀
-
16F81𖾁
-
16F82𖾂
-
16F83𖾃
-
16F84𖾄
-
16F85𖾅
-
16F86𖾆
-
16F87𖾇
-
16F88
-
16F89
-
16F8A
-
16F8B
-
16F8C
-
16F8D
-
16F8E
-
Posizionamento dei segni di tono
-
16F8F𖾏
-
16F90𖾐
-
16F91𖾑
-
16F92𖾒
-
Segni di tono di base
-
16F93𖾓
-
16F94𖾔
-
16F95𖾕
-
16F96𖾖
-
16F97𖾗
-
16F98𖾘
-
16F99𖾙
-
Segni di tono di base arcaici
-
16F9A𖾚
-
16F9B𖾛
-
16F9C𖾜
-
16F9D𖾝
-
16F9E𖾞
-
16F9F𖾟
Tavola dei Caratteri
-
𖼀16F00
-
𖼁16F01
-
𖼂16F02
-
𖼃16F03
-
𖼄16F04
-
𖼅16F05
-
𖼆16F06
-
𖼇16F07
-
𖼈16F08
-
𖼉16F09
-
𖼊16F0A
-
𖼋16F0B
-
𖼌16F0C
-
𖼍16F0D
-
𖼎16F0E
-
𖼏16F0F
-
𖼐16F10
-
𖼑16F11
-
𖼒16F12
-
𖼓16F13
-
𖼔16F14
-
𖼕16F15
-
𖼖16F16
-
𖼗16F17
-
𖼘16F18
-
𖼙16F19
-
𖼚16F1A
-
𖼛16F1B
-
𖼜16F1C
-
𖼝16F1D
-
𖼞16F1E
-
𖼟16F1F
-
𖼠16F20
-
𖼡16F21
-
𖼢16F22
-
𖼣16F23
-
𖼤16F24
-
𖼥16F25
-
𖼦16F26
-
𖼧16F27
-
𖼨16F28
-
𖼩16F29
-
𖼪16F2A
-
𖼫16F2B
-
𖼬16F2C
-
𖼭16F2D
-
𖼮16F2E
-
𖼯16F2F
-
𖼰16F30
-
𖼱16F31
-
𖼲16F32
-
𖼳16F33
-
𖼴16F34
-
𖼵16F35
-
𖼶16F36
-
𖼷16F37
-
𖼸16F38
-
𖼹16F39
-
𖼺16F3A
-
𖼻16F3B
-
𖼼16F3C
-
𖼽16F3D
-
𖼾16F3E
-
𖼿16F3F
-
𖽀16F40
-
𖽁16F41
-
𖽂16F42
-
𖽃16F43
-
𖽄16F44
-
𖽅16F45
-
𖽆16F46
-
𖽇16F47
-
𖽈16F48
-
𖽉16F49
-
𖽊16F4A
-
16F4B
-
16F4C
-
16F4D
-
16F4E
-
𖽏16F4F
-
𖽐16F50
-
𖽑16F51
-
𖽒16F52
-
𖽓16F53
-
𖽔16F54
-
𖽕16F55
-
𖽖16F56
-
𖽗16F57
-
𖽘16F58
-
𖽙16F59
-
𖽚16F5A
-
𖽛16F5B
-
𖽜16F5C
-
𖽝16F5D
-
𖽞16F5E
-
𖽟16F5F
-
𖽠16F60
-
𖽡16F61
-
𖽢16F62
-
𖽣16F63
-
𖽤16F64
-
𖽥16F65
-
𖽦16F66
-
𖽧16F67
-
𖽨16F68
-
𖽩16F69
-
𖽪16F6A
-
𖽫16F6B
-
𖽬16F6C
-
𖽭16F6D
-
𖽮16F6E
-
𖽯16F6F
-
𖽰16F70
-
𖽱16F71
-
𖽲16F72
-
𖽳16F73
-
𖽴16F74
-
𖽵16F75
-
𖽶16F76
-
𖽷16F77
-
𖽸16F78
-
𖽹16F79
-
𖽺16F7A
-
𖽻16F7B
-
𖽼16F7C
-
𖽽16F7D
-
𖽾16F7E
-
𖽿16F7F
-
𖾀16F80
-
𖾁16F81
-
𖾂16F82
-
𖾃16F83
-
𖾄16F84
-
𖾅16F85
-
𖾆16F86
-
𖾇16F87
-
16F88
-
16F89
-
16F8A
-
16F8B
-
16F8C
-
16F8D
-
16F8E
-
𖾏16F8F
-
𖾐16F90
-
𖾑16F91
-
𖾒16F92
-
𖾓16F93
-
𖾔16F94
-
𖾕16F95
-
𖾖16F96
-
𖾗16F97
-
𖾘16F98
-
𖾙16F99
-
𖾚16F9A
-
𖾛16F9B
-
𖾜16F9C
-
𖾝16F9D
-
𖾞16F9E
-
𖾟16F9F