New Line

U+000A
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Symbol Meaning

The symbol U+000A is known as Line Feed (LF) or New Line (NL) character. It was developed to indicate the end of a text line and the beginning of a new line in text documents, computer terminals, and text processing systems. The line feed moves the printer's drum by one line. On a video terminal, it moves the cursor down and, if necessary, scrolls the image.

As for computer terminals and text editors, Line Feed is used there to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line. It is the standard way of indicating the end of a line in UNIX-like operating systems, including Linux and macOS.

However, Windows operating systems feature a combination of Carriage Return (CR) and Line Feed (LF) (represented as “\r\n”) in order to indicate the end of the line.

In the early teleprinters that operated at a few baud rates, the division of control characters into CR and LF was not random. It concealed the fact that the carriage far to the right might not have enough time to reach the next character. What's even worse, the concepts of “driver” and “buffering” did not exist yet.

When it came to Morse code, there was used a separator -•••− , mnemonic BT (Break Text).

Just like other control characters, this character has no visual representation and does not occupy much space on screen or in typed text. There are two separate symbols in Control Pictures2400–243F representing a graphical image of the U+000A character: the Line Feed symbol in the form of an abbreviation LF (Line Feed) — and the New Line symbol in the form of an abbreviation NL (New Line) — .

Escape sequence: \n.

It's one of the eight control symbols, the presence of which is required by POSIX:

The symbol “New Line” is included in the “C0 controls” subblock of the “Basic Latin” block and was approved as part of Unicode version 1.1 in 1993.

Text is also available in the following languages: Русский;

Synonyms

Line Feed, LF, End of Line, EOL.

Unicode Name New Line
Unicode Number
HTML Code
CSS Code
Plane 0: Basic Multilingual Plane
Unicode Block Basic Latin
Unicode Subblock C0 controls
Unicode Version 1.1 (1993)
Keyboard shortcut ^J
Escape sequences \n
Type of paired mirror bracket (bidi) None
Composition Exclusion No
Case change 000A
Simple case change 000A
scripts Common
White_Space +
Pattern_White_Space +
Encoding hex dec (bytes) dec binary
UTF-8 0A 10 10 00001010
UTF-16BE 00 0A 0 10 10 00000000 00001010
UTF-16LE 0A 00 10 0 2560 00001010 00000000
UTF-32BE 00 00 00 0A 0 0 0 10 10 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001010
UTF-32LE 0A 00 00 00 10 0 0 0 167772160 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000000
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